
最近要考德檢A2了!來彙整一下各個主題的對話和單字
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最近要考德檢A2了!來彙整一下各個主題的對話和單字
參考Berliner Platz neu 1- Lektion1 Hallo!
名字 Name
Earlier this month, for the first time in the history of the Fifth Republic, the incumbent(現任) failed to take the lead in the first round of a French presidential election. Now, before the second round, scheduled for Sunday, surveys indicate that President Nicolas Sarkozy will be beaten handily(輕而易舉地) by François Hollande, the Socialist Party candidate. So handily, in fact, that the French press has already moved on to speculating(猜測) about the legislative elections that will take place in June.
本月稍早,法國第五共和史上第一次現任總統候選人在第一輪總統選舉中失去第一的寶座。如今,在預定禮拜天的第二輪投票過後,民調顯示現任總統Nicolas Sarkozy將會被法國社會黨候選人François Hollande輕易地擊敗。如此輕而易舉地-事實上,法國媒體已經著手預測預定六月舉行的國會議員選舉。
Chances are that the outcome in June will be determined by the same issues that dominated the first round of voting in the presidential election, which have dominated the second round as well. So it is telling that the far-right National Front, headed by Marine Le Pen, doubled its vote share in the first round compared with 2007. And much of the increase came from voters who had picked Sarkozy last time, according to estimates from exit polls. That arithmetic helped Hollande, a lower-profile(低姿態) figure who was a member of the group of Socialists nurtured by François Mitterrand during his long presidency, nose ahead in the race.
六月國會議員選舉結果極可能被影響第一、二輪總統大選相同的議題所左右。意指,由Marine Le Pen帶領的極右派「民族陣線」,在第一輪總統大選中得票比2007多出雙倍,且這些多出來的票源來自2007年支持薩柯奇的選民。(參考根據來自「選票口民調」的預測法。)這也幫助了奧朗德--一個由密特朗長久的任期中培育出的社會派溫和人物--在選舉中大幅領先。
The National Front surge has effectively set the political agenda for the coming months, and the party will influence the priorities of whatever government comes next. Indeed, French populism is in vogue(流行) once again. Each of the four major candidates has run a nationalist campaign, although of slightly different varieties.
Cilvil Society 市民社會(公民社會):相對現代的觀念-社會vs.政府兩元的思考模式
雖倚賴某種政治體系來維繫國家,但成員之間擁有一相同認同,一種自主意識的存在。
Ex. 殖民地發展出群體意識,以尋求在政治意識上的表達
相對統治權:沒有民主化之前,先有公民意識、公民社會的形成,反映在經濟發展過程中跳脫被治者的狀態。
公民意識:對外主張自我意識,相對的自主價值與意願,建構在公民社會的另一特性-通常他有自己的社經條件,可詮釋他本身存在的意義,尋求其認為相對合理的政治制度。
政治學上政治社會化與政治文化之研究對象比較
政治社會化:研究個人價值態度
政治文化:研究群體價值信念
政治文化的起源與發展:
一九六零年代,政治學面臨瓶頸,企圖借用其他學科突破自身困境。
西方在15、16、17世紀分別發生了三件大事,分別是:文藝復興(Renaissance)、宗教改革(Reformation)及啟蒙運動(Englightment),就在這三百年內,塑造了今日的主流價值觀以及生活方式。
第2章 寫出流暢有力的文案——主詞.接續語.具體性,三大重點
.善用主詞,影響別人思考
要寫出具邏輯的文章,首先要將「意識 > 意境」、「不讓讀者花費力氣在看懂文章」銘記在心。
經常忽略主詞將導致語意不清,因此最好善用及物動詞,藉由將動作者明確寫出訓練自己的思考邏輯,若因此而必須將句數變多也無妨。書本中舉了一個可以明確感受出「主詞如何影響句子」的例子,來揭示聽者所感受到的差別:
訊息可以分為三種:記敘、評價、規範
訊息無關正確與否,而是照其本質歸類。
1.記敘訊息:明日氣溫為攝氏19度。記錄一項事實、特性等等。
2.評價訊息:涉及價值判斷或情感表達。
3.規範訊息:命令或者建議
I. SUMMARY
We all ran inside but Jais didn’t make it in time. They caught up to him and he turned to face them [the company militia(民兵)]. They immediately clubbed him in the mouth, knocking out some of his teeth. It spun his head back and sprayed blood on the wall in front of the house. You can still see [the blood stains].
—Resident of Mandiangin, Riau province, recounting the attack on his village by civilian militias in the employ of the Arara Abadi pulp plantation.
我們全跑進(屋子裡)去,但Jais沒來得及。他們逮住Jais,把他一把轉向他們(企業雇用的民兵),他們立即用棍棒揮向他的嘴,打掉他幾棵牙齒。這一擊打得他的頭朝後,血全濺到屋前的牆上去了。你到現在還可以看到(那些血漬)。

N.Korea Military, Uncle to Share Power with Kim Heir
By Benjamin Kang Lim
From:Washington Post Social Reader: https://apps.facebook.com/wpsocialreader/
BEIJING (Reuters) - North Korea will shift to collective rule from a strongman dictatorship after last week's death of Kim Jong-il, although his untested young son will be at the head of the ruling coterie, a source with close ties to Pyongyang and Beijing said.
上禮拜金正日去世之後,某個與平壤和北京具有緊密關連的消息指出,雖然他未經歷練的兒子將會成為領導集團的中心,北韓將會從強人專政移轉到集體統治。
助詞用法總整理(From語文中心資料網)
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